EXERCISES FROM PAGE 165

1. 

a) It sounds as if they are having a good time.

b) This isn't the way you are supposed to be doing this

c) He looked as if he was carrying something.

d) I took up jogging as you suggested.

e) He behaved as though he owned the place.

f) The meat tasted as if it hadn't been cooked properly.

g) Peter didn't conduct the experiment the way he was instructed to.

2. Will human beings ever live on other planets?

Although we have become accustomed to the idea of space travel, and in films and fiction it seems as though space travel is inevitable, it appears unlikely that human beings will ever get any further than Mars, our nearest neighbour. No matter how many films we make about space travel, the fact is that it remains technologically challenging and extremely expensive. Since the distances involved are immense, any voyage outside our solar system would take hundreds of years using current technology. Wherever human beings went into space, they would have problems of how to eat and breathe, and their spaceship would have to carry vast amounts of fuel in order to cover the distance. Even Mars is so far away that it would take about six months to get there. As the distance between Earth and Mars varies, astronauts would have to wait for nearly two years before they could return using the shortest journey time. Even though it could cost as much as $100 billion, a manned mission to Mars is planned for sometime between 2010 and 2020.

EXERCISES FROM PAGE 164

1.
a) Tina was given the job, even though she did not have the required experience.
b) Seeing that it's his birthday today, Tom has decided to take a day off.
c) This is the way we deal with hooligans in this country.
d) We'd better take some money with us, in case we can't find a cash machine.
e) Much as I admire his earlier work, I think that his recent novels are rather poor.
f) The moment you see anything move, press this alarm bell.
g) No matter what you say, I still can't really forgive you for what you have done.
h) Unfortunately Carol didn't pass the exam, although she studied really hard.
i) Everywhere I look these days, I seem to see people dressed the same.
j) Considering that she's only been learning the piano for six months, Jan plays really well.


2.
a) Whenever you are in the area, drop in and see us.
b) As soon as I saw you, I knew I liked you! 
c) Fiona started training as a ballet dancer when she was six.
d) I won't leave until you come back.
e) You can park your car anywhere you like outside.
f) Now you're here, you'd better sit down.
g) Once the exams are out of the way, we can start learning something new.
h) The memorial shows where the plane crashed.


3. The Earth and the Sun
Although most ancient Greek philosophers considered the Earth to be flat, Eratosthenes calculated that it was a sphere and worked out its circumference around 240 BC. Considering that he used only rough estimates, his calculation is surprisingly accurate. As it seemed obvious that the Sun moved in the sky and the Earth stood still, this was the basis of astronomy until the work of Copernicus in the 16th century. Once Copernicus's work was published in 1543, it became increasingly difficult for scientists to see the universe in the way they had done before with the Earth at the centre of the universe. However, the theory was so controversial for religious reasons that it didn't become widely known. When Galileo came to the same conclusions as Copernicus in 1610, he was accused of heresy by the Church and imprisoned, in case his view of the universe encouraged people to doubt the existence of God.

EXERCISES FROM PAGE 161

1.
a) This is the man who jumped over the counter and took the money.
b) George turned up late, which wasn't unusual. 
c) We questioned many people, some of whom gave us good descriptions of the robber.
d) That's the house where my aunt and uncle live.
e) Everyone who meets Angela likes her.
f) Many people came to the meeting, some of whom were half an hour late.
g) We eventually found a shepherd's hut where we sheltered from the rain.
h) The train, which was extremely crowded, stopped at every station.
i) This isn't the building (that) I thought the bus stopped outside.

2. Jane Austen
Jane Austen, whose novels feature many clergymen, had two brothers who joined the church, and two others whose careers in the navy are also reflected in her novels, in which several naval officers appear. She also had a sister, Cassandra, with whom she had a close relationship. They exchanged frequent letters, from which historians learned much about what Jane was doing and thinking during a life which was fairly uneventful. All we know about Jane Austen's appearance is based on Cassandra's coloured sketch hanging in the National Portrait Gallery in London. We know Jane was encouraged to write by her brother Henry, who also wrote himself, and that the family borrowed novels from the local library, which influenced Jane's writing. Although Jane Austen wrote during the period of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, what she wrote about was largely confined to what she knew: the manners of mainly well-off people living in small-town society near London, and the problems faced by women in choosing a marriage partner. Her novels also show women who have chosen the wrong partner, or those whose difficult financial situation influences their behaviour. 

EXERCISES FROM PAGE 160

1. 
a) The historic castle, which was rebuilt after the war, contains the city museum.
b) What I would like to do next is go and visit the Modern Art Gallery.
c) I didn't know exactly whom I was working with on the project.
d) You may tick the "No Publicity" box, in which case no details of your win will be given to the press.
e) I've never seen anyone who can kick a ball as hard as David can! 
f) I'm afraid this isn't the meal I asked for.
g) Can someone tell me what I am supposed to be doing?
h) Brussels, which I've visited several times recently, is a good place to spend a weekend.
i) After eating so much I felt sick, which wasn't so surprising!
j) The police asked me if I had seen anyone who fitted the description.

2.

a) Many Asians live in mega-cities, that is, cities whose population is greater than 10 million.

b) Tony, whose brother Dave also played for Scotland, eventually became team captain.

c) I'm the sort of person who likes being busy all the time.

d) We looked at three flats to let, one of which seemed suitable, though it was expensive.

e) Elsa seemed like the kind of person to whom happiness came almost naturally.

f) This e-mail is intended solely for the use of the person to whom it is addressed.

g) It was a mistake that both generals were to regret before the day was over.

h) The buildings which were damaged in the earthquake were marked with a red cross.

i) Sophia lived alone in a house owned by her father, for which she paid no rent.

j) That's the building where I used to work.

3. Are men better at maths than women?

One of the stereotypes about the differences between men and women, which seems to be supported by some research, is that men are better at maths. According to brain research, levels of grey matter, which creates processing centres in the brain, are higher in men than they are in women. On the other hand, it is women who have more white matter, which creates the links between processings centres in the brain. What this seems to suggest is that while the male brain contains more areas for processing information, which means that the male brain has more capacity to solve maths problems, it is the female brain that has the greater ability to perceive patterns. In other words, it is brain structure that makes men better at maths, but which also makes women better at communicating. However, other researchers argue that it is the stereotyping itself that causes the difference in performance in maths, rather than any innate ability. Women who believe they are inferior at maths, especially when they take maths tests in rooms where men are present, tend to produce the kind of results they expect to produce. Research which analyses maths test results on a large scale suggests that the results attained by women are just as good as those attained by men.

ANGER MANAGEMENT TASK

Dave Buznik is a businessman who is falsely sentenced to an anger management therapy. It all starts when he is about to get his first kiss from his childhood crush. Some bullies give him trouble by pulling his pants down and from then on he becomes paranoid whenever his girlfriend Linda attempts to kiss him. Linda feels extremely uncomfortable with his behaviour, so she feels awkward when he acts in such a weird way and shakes her hand instead of kissing her. One day on a flight, Dave is seated near his future anger management therapist, Dr. Rydell, who is rather aggressive himself. At first, he is not aware of what is going to happen. Then, as annoyances and misunderstandings take place, he is arrested and sentenced to the anger management therapy. In my opinion, he was not guilty at all during the incident that took place on the plane. All he wanted was a headset and he put it forward in a quite normal way with no shouting or anything. Therefore, I obviously think that he did not have to be arrested out of nothing. He may have raised his voice a little bit as the flight attendant did not care about what he wanted and kept on chatting with her friend. However, I think this is normal and anyone could act in the same way. Instead of forcing him to get into the anger management therapy where he does not feel like he belongs to, he could just be advised to see a psychologist whom he could tell about the reasons why he acts in such a way. By this way, the root causes of his behaviour and low-temper could be discovered, leading to a more humane way of helping him to overcome all these issues. 

REFLECTION TASK 3

If I were a jury member of the committee choosing the person of the year, I would definitely choose Dilek Livaneli. She is a teacher who was chosen "the Teacher to Make a Difference in His/ Her Profession" in 24th November 2012 by the Ministry of National Education. She was one of 50 best teachers, being nominated for the Global Teacher Prize. She carried out a project called "My School is Getting Younger" at Kumköy Primary School in Samsun where she was appointed to. She made huge differences in the lives of her students in both social and cultural ways. There were many things on the news regarding this innovative teacher. Still, there may be some who are not aware of her and I think everyone should get to know about her meticulous work and her passion to educate the kids in a whole different way. Besides, she is not just a teacher. She is also the person who enabled the kids in her school experience numerous things for the first time. For instance, she took them to the shopping mall, the zoo and the bowling hall. She also took all of her students to Samsun for the first time and helped them get familiar with the theatre, cinema, opera, museums and historical places. The first kite festival was organized by her for the students, which included all the people in the village creating handmade kites. Most importantly, she did not only educate the kids but also provided training for their mothers. She helped them get parenting education and gave them the chance to go to the cinema and opera, the places where she had never got the chance to go to. In conclusion, she is such an idealistic teacher that I think she should gain more recognition and deserves to be the person of the year. What is more, as someone who is going to be a teacher in the future, I consider her as my idol.

REFLECTION TASK 2B

Hello fellas! :) I would like to give some information about the legendary TV series “Friends” today. It is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kaufmann. It lasted ten seasons from 1994 to 2004. Before getting its title, it was named many different things. At first, the producers decided on the title “Insomnia Cafe” and then switched it to “Bright”, “Friends Like Us”, and finally, it got its current name “Friends”. Its type is comedy and romance. Wondering about the plot? Let me give you some clues! The TV serial mainly focuses on the lives of 6 people who are very close friends. Their friendship goes a long way and they experience numerous things together. However, no matter what happens, their friendship never disappears and they are attached to one another in a very special bond. I think I had better finish off with the plot now in case you wanna watch it yourself, and I definitely suggest you to do so! I decided to write about this serial as it really is a nice one and also demonstrates how a true friendship actually should be. They go through the ups and downs of life together, get into fights, share their secrets with one another. When one of them feels down, the others are always there standing by. In my opinion, the scenarist actually tries to show how people should be towards each other in a way. The message that is aimed to be given may in fact be somehow related to the world peace, giving us the message that we all should be “friends”, not enemies. I absolutely agree with the writers in that case and I think everyone should watch it. So, what are you still waiting for? I say, go for it and you won’t be regretful! :)